Burkitt Lymphoma
Burkitt lymphoma is a rare, fast-growing type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It develops from B cells, a type of white blood cell that usually helps the immune system fight infection. Burkitt lymphoma can grow very quickly, so prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical.
Learning that your child may have cancer can be overwhelming. The good news is that Burkitt lymphoma is highly responsive to treatment, and many children are cured. At UVA Health Children’s, our pediatric cancer team provides specialized care and support for children with lymphoma and their families, from diagnosis through treatment and follow-up.
What Are the Symptoms of Burkitt Lymphoma?
Burkitt lymphoma often causes a mass or swelling that grows quickly. Where the lymphoma develops can affect the symptoms your child experiences.
In children, Burkitt lymphoma commonly develops in the abdomen. It can cause symptoms that may initially look like a stomach illness, including:
- Abdominal pain or swelling
- Nausea or vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- A feeling of fullness
- Weight loss
Other possible symptoms include:
- Fever
- Fatigue or weakness
- Easy bruising or bleeding
- Swollen lymph nodes
- A rapidly growing lump or swelling, including in the jaw or face
Symptoms can vary depending on where the lymphoma is located. Having these symptoms does not mean your child has Burkitt lymphoma. Many more common conditions can cause similar symptoms. However, rapidly growing or unexplained swelling or other concerning symptoms should be evaluated by a health care provider.
How Is Burkitt Lymphoma Diagnosed?
Because Burkitt lymphoma can grow quickly, getting an accurate diagnosis is important. Doctors may use several tests to determine whether a mass is lymphoma and to learn how far the disease has spread.
A biopsy is usually needed to confirm the diagnosis. During a biopsy, doctors remove a small amount of tissue from the mass so it can be examined by specialists. Depending on where the mass is located, the tissue may be obtained with a needle or during a surgical or endoscopic procedure.
Other tests may include:
- Blood tests to look for changes that may be associated with lymphoma and to assess your child's overall health
- Imaging tests, such as CT, MRI or PET scans, to identify lymphoma throughout the body
- Bone marrow testing to determine whether lymphoma cells are present in the bone marrow
- Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to check the cerebrospinal fluid for lymphoma cells
- Genetic and molecular testing to identify changes in the lymphoma cells that can help confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment
Your child's care team will determine which tests are needed based on the location and extent of the lymphoma.
Treatment for Burkitt Lymphoma
Burkitt lymphoma usually requires prompt treatment with combination chemotherapy. Because the disease grows quickly, treatment generally begins soon after diagnosis and uses intensive chemotherapy regimens designed to eliminate lymphoma cells.
Treatment may take place over several months and will involve periods of in-patient hospitalization. Your child's care team will closely monitor for side effects and complications throughout treatment.
Chemotherapy can be difficult for children and families. Our child life specialists can help children understand what to expect in ways that are appropriate for their age and development. They can also help parents and siblings find ways to talk about cancer and treatment.
Although Burkitt lymphoma is aggressive, it is also highly sensitive to chemotherapy. With appropriate treatment, many children achieve long-term remission.
Support for Your Family During Lymphoma Treatment
A childhood cancer diagnosis affects the whole family. At UVA Health Children’s, we care for more than your child's cancer. Our team provides resources and support to help your family navigate treatment and the challenges that can come with it.
Depending on your family's needs, support may include:
- Child Life Services to help children and siblings understand illness and treatment
- Social work support for practical and emotional needs
- Spiritual care for children and families who want it
- Help with lodging and other resources during treatment
- Psychological and emotional support throughout your child's care
You don't have to navigate your child's cancer diagnosis alone. Our pediatric cancer team is here to support your child and your family at every step.